10 research outputs found
Turbulent magnetic field amplification from spiral SASI modes in core-collapse supernovae
We describe the initial implementation of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in our
astrophysical simulation code \genasis. Then, we present MHD simulations
exploring the capacity of the stationary accretion shock instability (SASI) to
generate magnetic fields by adding a weak magnetic field to an initially
spherically symmetric fluid configuration that models a stalled shock in the
post-bounce supernova environment. Upon perturbation and nonlinear SASI
development, shear flows associated with the spiral SASI mode contributes to a
widespread and turbulent field amplification mechanism. While the SASI may
contribute to neutron star magnetization, these simulations do not show
qualitatively new features in the global evolution of the shock as a result of
SASI-induced magnetic field amplification.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, To appear in the Journal of Physics: Conference
Series. Proceedings of the IUPAP Conference on Computational Physics
(CCP2011
Update on protein biomarkers in traumatic brain injury with emphasis on clinical use in adults and pediatrics
Purpose This review summarizes protein biomarkers in
mild and severe traumatic brain injury in adults and
children and presents a strategy for conducting rationally
designed clinical studies on biomarkers in head trauma.
Methods We performed an electronic search of the National
Library of Medicine’s MEDLINE and Biomedical Library
of University of Pennsylvania database in March 2008
using a search heading of traumatic head injury and protein
biomarkers. The search was focused especially on protein
degradation products (spectrin breakdown product, c-tau,
amyloid-β1–42) in the last 10 years, but recent data on
“classical” markers (S-100B, neuron-specific enolase, etc.)
were also examined.
Results We identified 85 articles focusing on clinical use of
biomarkers; 58 articles were prospective cohort studies with
injury and/or outcome assessment.
Conclusions We conclude that only S-100B in severe
traumatic brain injury has consistently demonstrated the
ability to predict injury and outcome in adults. The number
of studies with protein degradation products is insufficient
especially in the pediatric care. Cohort studies with welldefined
end points and further neuroproteomic search for
biomarkers in mild injury should be triggered. After
critically reviewing the study designs, we found that large
homogenous patient populations, consistent injury, and
outcome measures prospectively determined cutoff values,
and a combined use of different predictors should be
considered in future studies